Thursday, 16 April 2015
Tuesday, 31 March 2015
Unit 16
Types of editing.
Invisible editing
Invisible editing's used to make an edit look seamless and to make the scene/sequence flow. It's used in the majority of TV and film and is a favourite in Hollywood cinema. This type of editing looks cleaner than a jump cut and it's a more immersive method of editing and can make the audience feel like they're watching this first hand in front of them.
Cutting on action
Cutting on action is a technique which is used to show the viewer the same scene from different angles. The editor cuts from shot to shot at the same time an action happens, for example a gun shot, the next view has to match the first action. It can be a way to create tension for the audience as it's as if the cut happens on demand or to leave a scene on a cliffhanger.
Jump cut
This type of editing is a simple way to show a scene between a few people, for example a conversation or argument/fight. It cuts back and forth from each character using camera angles that are slightly different. This is a very basic way of editing just cutting between whoever is in the scene and it just gives the audience two point of views whilst watching the scene.
Cross cut
Cross cutting is used commonly to show two things that are happening simultaneously but in different locations. Most often used in action sequences, they can be used to create dramatic tension for the audience as two different things can be happening at ones and the cuts can get quicker and more frequent as the action heats up.
Match cut
A match cut is when either two different objects, two different spaces, or two different compositions in which objects in the two shots graphically match, it helps to link two scenes together in a seamless way. They can be used as a trick, making the audience think they're watching the same scene when it's actually cut to another.
Montage
A montage is method of editing where you edit a series of short shorts into a sequence, they can condense space, time and information so no one scene seems to drag for too long. They can also show more that one thing that's happening at the same time; similar to a cross cut. Montages are in interesting way to show the audience more than one thing that's happening, it can create more meaning to one scene if something that's relevant is being cut with it.
The way that we edit television and film has change quite significantly. We've gone from just cutting up a scene to delete the bad bits to editing a sequence in order to make it have an affect on the audience or to make them feel a certain way.
Early Film
1903 - Basic Cuts in Film
This silent Alice in Wonderland film allows the audience to view a film in a different way, almost from another perspective. The loss of sound allowed the audience to understand the concept of time and space as it's in black and white it's hard to distinguish the difference between hours/days and locations look similar but the audience need to know they're different.
Jump cuts are used, for example at 2:37 to 2:41 it goes from the girls talking to a shot of the tree and them walking on from the side. The audience now know they've changed location and we've moved further on in the day.
1940s - Hollywood Studio System
The Third Man
1980s - High Concept cinema
The Shining
From the 1990s to now there's been a rise of filmmakers producing independent films and with multiple film festivals, more and more indie filmmakers are trying to get their work recognised.
Independent filmmaking isn't easy, but it's certainly cheaper with the majority being low-medium budget aimed at a home market.
In this independent film made in 1990 by PM Entertainment, they use stationary shots at first, then moving the camera with a voice over so that from the get go the audience are aware of what's happening, even when the screen is black. In the conversation scene from 1:23, they use a lot of jump cuts to show the other person talking, even in the scene at 10:03 jump cuts are used to show the other person in the bedroom and their reactions. Apart from sudden cuts to other characters, the editing is quite seamless and they cut on action in the poker scene where a heated conversation starts.
Invisible editing
Invisible editing's used to make an edit look seamless and to make the scene/sequence flow. It's used in the majority of TV and film and is a favourite in Hollywood cinema. This type of editing looks cleaner than a jump cut and it's a more immersive method of editing and can make the audience feel like they're watching this first hand in front of them.
Cutting on action
Cutting on action is a technique which is used to show the viewer the same scene from different angles. The editor cuts from shot to shot at the same time an action happens, for example a gun shot, the next view has to match the first action. It can be a way to create tension for the audience as it's as if the cut happens on demand or to leave a scene on a cliffhanger.
Jump cut
This type of editing is a simple way to show a scene between a few people, for example a conversation or argument/fight. It cuts back and forth from each character using camera angles that are slightly different. This is a very basic way of editing just cutting between whoever is in the scene and it just gives the audience two point of views whilst watching the scene.
Cross cut
Cross cutting is used commonly to show two things that are happening simultaneously but in different locations. Most often used in action sequences, they can be used to create dramatic tension for the audience as two different things can be happening at ones and the cuts can get quicker and more frequent as the action heats up.
Match cut
A match cut is when either two different objects, two different spaces, or two different compositions in which objects in the two shots graphically match, it helps to link two scenes together in a seamless way. They can be used as a trick, making the audience think they're watching the same scene when it's actually cut to another.
Montage
A montage is method of editing where you edit a series of short shorts into a sequence, they can condense space, time and information so no one scene seems to drag for too long. They can also show more that one thing that's happening at the same time; similar to a cross cut. Montages are in interesting way to show the audience more than one thing that's happening, it can create more meaning to one scene if something that's relevant is being cut with it.
The way that we edit television and film has change quite significantly. We've gone from just cutting up a scene to delete the bad bits to editing a sequence in order to make it have an affect on the audience or to make them feel a certain way.
Early Film
1903 - Basic Cuts in Film
This video explains the process of jump cuts, they used to be seen as something to avoid, however they can be used to tell a story. For example at 1:03 where he goes from talking to his head in his hands to "uhm" multiple times tell us he's confused/frustrated just from the way that his actions have been cut up. They're normally used in a conversation scene to show two people talking from the other persons point of view, however in this it's just used on one person to show jumps in time/the conversation.
1920s - Silent Film
This silent Alice in Wonderland film allows the audience to view a film in a different way, almost from another perspective. The loss of sound allowed the audience to understand the concept of time and space as it's in black and white it's hard to distinguish the difference between hours/days and locations look similar but the audience need to know they're different.
Jump cuts are used, for example at 2:37 to 2:41 it goes from the girls talking to a shot of the tree and them walking on from the side. The audience now know they've changed location and we've moved further on in the day.
1940s - Hollywood Studio System
The 1940s introduced films that included sound, it was a way that allowed an audience to immerse themselves in a new world to escape reality. This era was when cinema was at the height of its popularity and with sound being a major contributing factor, it made more and more people want to catch on.
The use of a pretty girl and good looking man made it pleasurable to watch and made them want to escape into this other world. Because it's in black and white, the music at 5:15 is upbeat and different to show another location/start of a new scene. A lot of this film is shot from slightly off angles, none that you'd find in a top budget Hollywood film - because this is relatively early in cinema no one will have noticed so to them it would have been like actually being there in the scene experiencing it first hand; this is another example of how it would have allowed them to escape into the film.
1960s - American New Wave
The Godfather
The American New Wave was a period in film making history when there was a ride of young, new film makers in America.
The American New Wave was a period in film making history when there was a ride of young, new film makers in America.
Cross cutting; from the baptism scene to the shooting ones. This is used to assist the multi strand narrative and adds more to the meaning of the scene.
Gives contrast between the two scenes.
Cutting on action; it's evident in the scene where the character is getting a massage. Goes from a wide shot to mid shot to close up as the assassin walks in and shoots him in the eye.
Montage; has a musical score underneath and the film uses a vary of other scenes. It speeds up the Christening scene and gives the audience the illusion that whilst he's there all his men are killing people - speeding up all the scenes so it flows in one.
1980s - High Concept cinema
The Shining
When he's approaching the bathroom, the movement is slow and a tense tune has been scored underneath, we know that something is about happen and it's going to be bad/dramatic. We're also able to see his wife frantically trying to escape through the window, these cross cuts make us want to close our eyes because we can see she can't get out and the music gets faster as the action climaxes.
By using this kind of music it makes us aware that it's a horror/action because it's a signature asset most films of those genres have. Also the use of cross cuts are used in action films so we can see two things that are happening at once for two different characters.
By using this kind of music it makes us aware that it's a horror/action because it's a signature asset most films of those genres have. Also the use of cross cuts are used in action films so we can see two things that are happening at once for two different characters.
1990s - Digital editing software introduced
Living To Die
From the 1990s to now there's been a rise of filmmakers producing independent films and with multiple film festivals, more and more indie filmmakers are trying to get their work recognised.
Independent filmmaking isn't easy, but it's certainly cheaper with the majority being low-medium budget aimed at a home market.
In this independent film made in 1990 by PM Entertainment, they use stationary shots at first, then moving the camera with a voice over so that from the get go the audience are aware of what's happening, even when the screen is black. In the conversation scene from 1:23, they use a lot of jump cuts to show the other person talking, even in the scene at 10:03 jump cuts are used to show the other person in the bedroom and their reactions. Apart from sudden cuts to other characters, the editing is quite seamless and they cut on action in the poker scene where a heated conversation starts.
00s - Today
The Maze Runner
In modern cinema, all techniques are used but we might not recognise them. The film market is competitive and obviously everyone wants to make the number 1 spot.
CGI is a very common aspect to use, and the majority of the time we don't notice. For example in The Maze Runner, the concrete walls we see in the film aren't actually that high, realistically they're half the size and CGI is used to make their situation seem worse. Also when we see Thomas in the maze, the "grievers" aren't real and will have been filmed using a prop of some kind but created and edited in during post production.
Dependant on the genre of film, different techniques will be use din different ways. For example;
Horror - Cutting on action, match cuts, invisible editing.
Fantasy - CGI, cross cuts, montages, invisible editing.
Action - Cross cuts, very short and snappy to get adrenaline pumping, montages and invisible editing.
CGI - Computer Generated Imagery is a way to create something that's not real to add affect or meaning to a story. It's used in film, tv, video games, art and more to create the illusion of something that isn't real. I think it's a good thing because it adds more to a scene. E.g. if in the maze runner the walls weren't as high and they were shot at their actual height, you wouldn't feel as panicked or scared for the characters, also because a lot of things we want to add would be impossible to find and it's good that we have the ability to create something that isn't real, make it look life like and pass it odd as if it is real.
CGI is a very common aspect to use, and the majority of the time we don't notice. For example in The Maze Runner, the concrete walls we see in the film aren't actually that high, realistically they're half the size and CGI is used to make their situation seem worse. Also when we see Thomas in the maze, the "grievers" aren't real and will have been filmed using a prop of some kind but created and edited in during post production.
Dependant on the genre of film, different techniques will be use din different ways. For example;
Horror - Cutting on action, match cuts, invisible editing.
Fantasy - CGI, cross cuts, montages, invisible editing.
Action - Cross cuts, very short and snappy to get adrenaline pumping, montages and invisible editing.
CGI - Computer Generated Imagery is a way to create something that's not real to add affect or meaning to a story. It's used in film, tv, video games, art and more to create the illusion of something that isn't real. I think it's a good thing because it adds more to a scene. E.g. if in the maze runner the walls weren't as high and they were shot at their actual height, you wouldn't feel as panicked or scared for the characters, also because a lot of things we want to add would be impossible to find and it's good that we have the ability to create something that isn't real, make it look life like and pass it odd as if it is real.
Wednesday, 25 March 2015
Unit 27
Activity 1.
- What do we mean by factual programmes?
- Give some examples of the different types of factual programmes on TV.
- What is a documentary?
- What are the different types of documentaries? Give examples to demonstrate your points.
Expository documentaries - they speak directly to the viewer. E.g. The Kyle Files.
Observational documentaries - a simple way to observe someone living their life. E.g. 16 & Pregnant.
Participatory documentaries - the film maker participates. E.g. Catfish.
Performative documentaries - they want an emotional response and are personal. E.g. Holocaust and 9/11 documentaries.
Activity 2.
Identify and write down what you think are the conventions of a documentary.
- Interviews
- Following a persons story
- Statistics
- Various opinions
- Controversial subject
- Voice over by the narrator
- Cut aways
- In a studio
- A reporter
- Interview with an expert
- Interview with the public
- Footage of the topic
- Graphic intro with music that's distinctive
- Formal
- Accuracy
Correct information that's truthful, if it's not these then what's the point?
- Bias
One sided opinion. Skewing the facts in favour of something is not on in a factual programme.
- Representation
The way *it's shown to the audience. Misrepresentation of these things is unfair and unbalanced.
* subject/topic/facts/people.
Positive values of factual programmes.
You're being informed
You're being educated
Gives you an insight
They're entertainment
Create empathy
Can encourage change
Do you agree with Channel 4's description of the programme? List your points under the following headings:
- Accuracy
- Participants are real so information is likely to be accurate.
- Participants claimed they had been duped into taking part under the pretence it was a series about community spirit.
- Bais
- Negative bias approach to people on benefits.
- Representation
- People are represented negatively.
- They would agree they have been misrepresented.
ITV Fake Footage
What effect does 'fake footage' or lying to viewers have on the reputation of a programme/channel/ documentary filmmaker?
- Can be offensive to soldiers/ service men and women.
Frozen planet
Article about the white lie
- Misrepresentation of polar bears in their natural habitat.
- Playing off that polar bears are tame etc; but they're in a zoo so will be trained. In the wild they're vicious animals.
The documentary "Supersize Me" got people talking about its lies and controversy. Link to the article. Doctors claim that the amount of calories he claimed he'd eaten didn't add up when they counted the calories found in the meals at McDonalds.
Morgan Spurlock started his journey as a healthy weight, over the next 30 days he could only eat food off the McDonalds menu, having to supersize his meal if the offer was made. By the end of his "experiment" he'd gained weight as well, gained liver damage as well as mood swings and depression.
This documentary painted McDonalds in a really bad way because the affect it apparently had on his body afterr the 30 days. It put a lot of people off of McDonalds because the impact grossed them out.
Layout of assignment 1
Deadline - 20th April
3rd slide; List the conventions of news programmes. (P2)
4th slide; Give examples of these conventions in; BBC News
Newsround
Your own - use stills and time codes (M2)
5th slide; Why are these programmes using/not using them? (D2)
- They would agree they have been misrepresented.
ITV Fake Footage
What effect does 'fake footage' or lying to viewers have on the reputation of a programme/channel/ documentary filmmaker?
- Accuracy
- Bias
- Representation
- Can be offensive to soldiers/ service men and women.
Frozen planet
Article about the white lie
- Accuracy
- The zoo filmed footage; makes them look unprofessional for not explaining that they couldn't film a polar bear in their environment.
- Makes the viewers dissapointed as David Attenborough is a well known person, damaging his reputation.
- Bias
- Representation
- Misrepresentation of polar bears in their natural habitat.
- Playing off that polar bears are tame etc; but they're in a zoo so will be trained. In the wild they're vicious animals.
The documentary "Supersize Me" got people talking about its lies and controversy. Link to the article. Doctors claim that the amount of calories he claimed he'd eaten didn't add up when they counted the calories found in the meals at McDonalds.
Morgan Spurlock started his journey as a healthy weight, over the next 30 days he could only eat food off the McDonalds menu, having to supersize his meal if the offer was made. By the end of his "experiment" he'd gained weight as well, gained liver damage as well as mood swings and depression.
This documentary painted McDonalds in a really bad way because the affect it apparently had on his body afterr the 30 days. It put a lot of people off of McDonalds because the impact grossed them out.
Layout of assignment 1
Deadline - 20th April
- Outcome 1; Issues.
- Outcome 2; Conventions.
In a powerpoint or prezi.
1st slide; Accuracy, bias and representation. (P1)
2nd slide; Examples of these issues in a programme; Benefits Street
ITV
Frozen Planet
Your own biased one
E.g. "This programme showed issues of A, B and R. (M1) The impact on the audience is... " (D1)
4th slide; Give examples of these conventions in; BBC News
Newsround
Your own - use stills and time codes (M2)
5th slide; Why are these programmes using/not using them? (D2)
6th slide; Define the two modes of documentary and the conventions (P3)
7th slide; Examples of conventions in; The Imposter
Stacey Dooley
Your own - use stills and time codes (M3)
8th slide; Why these conventions and modes are used (D3)
Monday, 23 March 2015
Thursday, 12 March 2015
Vlog script research
Script notes for film section of vlog. DISNEY PICTURES
*Improvements in red.
4th. How are they structured? Who is the conglomerate and how are they integrated? (examples)
Walt Disney are their conglomerate and Walt Disney are horizontally and vertically integrated.
They're vertically integrated because they own more than two of three stages of production.
They own production companies to make the product - Pixar and Disney Pictures.
They also own their own distribution company, "Disney Media Distribution" which supplies more than 30,000 hours of content over 1300 broadcasters worldwide.
Finally they own the exhibition stage as they own their own Disney TV channel to show the content that they make.
They're also horizontally integrated because they own a string of companies that aren't just in one field so they can benefit from income from various markets. They have 4 basic areas of ways to make money; film, television, theme parks/resorts and products.
5th. How successful is this conglomerate?
Walt Disney is a very successful conglomerate, in terms of revenue it's the worlds largest conglomerate earning $48 billion in 2014. Just less than half of their revenue comes from TV and films and just over 30% comes from theme parks.
6th. What are the debates - pros and cons of a few media conglomerates owning the majority of the media?
The pros are that TV shows and other means of media are controlled by ratings and public opinion, so if the public like something, they watch it and it will stay. Or if they don't like something it will get bad ratings and it's gone so the public do have a small say in what comes on and off TV.
Also conglomerates owning so many companies can actually be beneficial for the consumer - we can now use one company, for example Sony for a range of services. These can be from the TV they make to mobile phone companies and car parts so the consumer can buy a variation of products without moving to a different company and they can pay for them all together.
Another is the fact that these media conglomerates own numerous TV stations, radio and publishing etc so despite there only being a few conglomerates - there is actually a wide spread way of people to receive their information.
On the reverse of this, the cons are that 232 media executives are in control of the information that gets fed to 277 million Americans.
Also what we get might be considered as generic TV because it's all made by the 6 same companies. The 6 major studios will all have a style that they stick to and the content we receive will reflect this making it seem like everything's the same.
Also nowadays companies are just concerned about the profit they make and aren't 100% focussed on the fact that a lot of people will watch/read what they put out there and they content they produce may be centred around one area/topic and there isn't a variation.
7th. What is the future?
The future for television is ever changing with more and more futuristic gadgets being invented. For example the Haier Modular TV tells you where to sit, and also tells you if you're sitting too close - advising you on the optimal viewing position.
As well as talks on a lazer projector which project your show or film onto a wall to watch so you wouldn't even need to have a TV to watch it anymore.
The Samsung flex phone is another futuristic piece of technology which you will be able to role, despite it having an 18 inch LCD panel.
I also think that the more and more people are going to be using streaming services like Netflix to watch TV, and because of this demand more games consoles will provide this service. Like PS3 and 4 already do.
The impact of new technology such as these are that conventional ways of watching television, i.e. a big TV in the front room will be considered dated and everyone will be moving on to follow trends and installing projectors in their front rooms.
The industry will also become more expensive, all these new gadgets that allow us to watch TV and Film will be costly because they're so new, different and futuristic. Not a lot of these new products will be made as it depends on how they sell so they'd also be hard to get if you did have the money.
Even the latest curved 3D without glasses TVs are a few thousand pounds and are seen as a revelation in TV viewing history, these new inventions make people more and more keen to create the newest way to watch TV and Films at home.
Script notes for BBC section of vlog.
As well as talks on a lazer projector which project your show or film onto a wall to watch so you wouldn't even need to have a TV to watch it anymore.
The Samsung flex phone is another futuristic piece of technology which you will be able to role, despite it having an 18 inch LCD panel.
I also think that the more and more people are going to be using streaming services like Netflix to watch TV, and because of this demand more games consoles will provide this service. Like PS3 and 4 already do.
The impact of new technology such as these are that conventional ways of watching television, i.e. a big TV in the front room will be considered dated and everyone will be moving on to follow trends and installing projectors in their front rooms.
The industry will also become more expensive, all these new gadgets that allow us to watch TV and Film will be costly because they're so new, different and futuristic. Not a lot of these new products will be made as it depends on how they sell so they'd also be hard to get if you did have the money.
Even the latest curved 3D without glasses TVs are a few thousand pounds and are seen as a revelation in TV viewing history, these new inventions make people more and more keen to create the newest way to watch TV and Films at home.
Script notes for BBC section of vlog.
8th. Introduce the BBC as a Public Service Broadcaster and explain what it is
The BBC is a public service broadcaster which means it's funded by the public and it broadcasts TV for the benefit of the public rather than for advertising purposes.
9th. How are they funded?
The BBC are funded by the public paying TV liscenes through their taxes which is £145.50 annually, part of this money goes to the TV section of the company and some goes to radio.
It
10th. How are they structured? (How are they regulated and managed?)
They're partly regulated by Ofcom, they have a say when it comes to the BBCs TV and radio services that's aimed at a UK audience. Their broadcasting code applies in these areas;
- Protection of under 18s
- Harm and offence
- Showing crime and offence in an inappropriate way
- Showing images that are explicit or inappropiate for more than a brief duration
- Fairness
- Privacy
- Religious content being approached responsibly
If the BBC breach any of Ofcoms rules in a way that's considered "seriously, deliberately, repeatedly or recklessly" then they have the right to impose a sanction. From making the the channel broadcast a correction or a fine of up to £250,000.
T
11th. How successful are the BBC, have they had complaints about their management of programs, staff or services (find proof)
The BBC are successful making over £5 billion last year and being worth up to £7 billion. As long as they're funded by the TV licence, they will cary on with their success.
The BBC have recently received complaints about Top Gear presenter, Jeremy Clarkson which has lead to him being suspended. Ofcom have previously had to censor the programme in July 2014 because of Jeremy's derogatory terminology.
They've also received complaints from BBC 4 Radio listeners because due to them issuing a fake weather report on a fictional town near Birmingham. Listeners complained the fake map and report "insulted their intelligence" and they don't want to hear this nonsense. Link for pictures
The new "Poldark" series has also brought in some complaints with viewers saying the scar on Captain Ross Poldarks face looks like mascara, taking to twitter to voice their opinions. It was also mentioned that other characters' make up looks too modern for the time it's set in and there was a lack of Cornish accents.
The BBC have recently received complaints about Top Gear presenter, Jeremy Clarkson which has lead to him being suspended. Ofcom have previously had to censor the programme in July 2014 because of Jeremy's derogatory terminology.
They've also received complaints from BBC 4 Radio listeners because due to them issuing a fake weather report on a fictional town near Birmingham. Listeners complained the fake map and report "insulted their intelligence" and they don't want to hear this nonsense. Link for pictures
The new "Poldark" series has also brought in some complaints with viewers saying the scar on Captain Ross Poldarks face looks like mascara, taking to twitter to voice their opinions. It was also mentioned that other characters' make up looks too modern for the time it's set in and there was a lack of Cornish accents.
Thursday, 5 March 2015
Unit 16 Editing Techniques
Invisible editing
Definition: "A highly standardised system of editing, now virtually universal in commercial film and television but originally associated with Hollywood cinema, that matches spatial and temporal relations from shot to shot in order to maintain continuous and clear narrative action."
Example: (X)
Why and how: A seamless way of editing where you can't see the cuts. This method of editing is more immersive.
Jump cuts
Definition: "A jump cut is a cut in film editing in which two sequential shots of the same subject are taken from camera positions that vary only slightly."
Example: (X)
Why and how: Different angles in the same scene cutting back and forth for example in an argument or conversation scene.
Cutting on action
Definition: "Cutting on action or matching on action refers to film editing and video editing techniques where the editor cuts from one shot to another view that matches the first shot's action."
Example: (X)
Why and how: Cutting to another scene as soon as an action in a scene happens. It can create tension or leave the scene on a cliffhanger.
Cross cutting
Definition: "Cross-cutting is an editing technique most often used in films to establish action occurring at the same time in two different locations."
Example: (X)
Why and how: They're used a lot in action sequences to create dramatic tension, two different things can be happening in two different scenes and it cuts to both as the action is heating up.
Matched cut
Definition: "Is a cut in film editing between either two different objects, two different spaces, or two different compositions in which objects in the two shots graphically match, often helping to establish a strong continuity of action and linking the two shots metaphorically"
Example: (X)
Why and how: They can be used as a trick to make it seem like the scene is continuing but it's actually cut to another scene.
Montage
Definition: "A technique in film editing in which a series of short shots are edited into a sequence to condense space, time, and information."
Example: (X)
Why and how: A variation of one or more scenes that are one after each other. They're used to show two or more things happening at the same time.
Definition: "A highly standardised system of editing, now virtually universal in commercial film and television but originally associated with Hollywood cinema, that matches spatial and temporal relations from shot to shot in order to maintain continuous and clear narrative action."
Example: (X)
Why and how: A seamless way of editing where you can't see the cuts. This method of editing is more immersive.
Jump cuts
Definition: "A jump cut is a cut in film editing in which two sequential shots of the same subject are taken from camera positions that vary only slightly."
Example: (X)
Why and how: Different angles in the same scene cutting back and forth for example in an argument or conversation scene.
Cutting on action
Definition: "Cutting on action or matching on action refers to film editing and video editing techniques where the editor cuts from one shot to another view that matches the first shot's action."
Example: (X)
Why and how: Cutting to another scene as soon as an action in a scene happens. It can create tension or leave the scene on a cliffhanger.
Cross cutting
Definition: "Cross-cutting is an editing technique most often used in films to establish action occurring at the same time in two different locations."
Example: (X)
Why and how: They're used a lot in action sequences to create dramatic tension, two different things can be happening in two different scenes and it cuts to both as the action is heating up.
Matched cut
Definition: "Is a cut in film editing between either two different objects, two different spaces, or two different compositions in which objects in the two shots graphically match, often helping to establish a strong continuity of action and linking the two shots metaphorically"
Example: (X)
Why and how: They can be used as a trick to make it seem like the scene is continuing but it's actually cut to another scene.
Montage
Definition: "A technique in film editing in which a series of short shots are edited into a sequence to condense space, time, and information."
Example: (X)
Why and how: A variation of one or more scenes that are one after each other. They're used to show two or more things happening at the same time.
Wednesday, 4 March 2015
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